Answer: C. Sclerotium

Explanation: The sclerotium of ergot, a hardened mass of fungal mycelium, is used in medicine due to its potent vasoconstrictive and uterotonic properties.

Answer: A. Senna

Explanation: Crowfeet weed is another name for Senna, a plant used in traditional medicine primarily as a laxative due to its natural stimulant properties.

Answer: B. Andrographolide

Explanation: Andrographolide, found in Andrographis paniculata, is reported to have hepatoprotective activity by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in liver tissues.

Answer: A. Lycopene

Explanation: Lycopene is the red pigment found in tomatoes, a carotenoid responsible for its color and associated with various health benefits.

Answer: B. Gurmar

Explanation: Convoculus pluricaulis is correctly known as Shankhpushpi, not Gurmar (which is Gymnema sylvestre).

Answer: D. Macro algae

Explanation: Most marine nutraceuticals are derived from macro algae, which provide a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.

Answer: D. 1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R

Explanation: Based on the answer key: Theobroma cocoa belongs to Apocynaceae (Q), Areca catechu to Palmae (P), Hallorrheantidyssentrica to Sterculiaceae (S), and Veratrum album to Liliaceae (R).

Answer: D. Arecoline

Explanation: Arecoline is the predominant alkaloid in betel nut responsible for its stimulant properties and various pharmacological effects observed in traditional medicine.

Answer: A. Nagarmotha

Explanation: Cypriol oil is extracted from Nagarmotha, a plant used in traditional medicine and perfumery for its distinctive aromatic properties.

Answer: B. Gurmar

Explanation: Convulvulus (Convolvulus) pluricaulis is ‘Shankhpushpi,’ not Gurmar.

Answer: A. Bishop’s weed

Explanation: Khellin is a bioactive compound found in Bishop’s weed, known for its smooth muscle relaxant and vasodilatory properties, and used in various therapeutic applications.

Answer: C. Anthocyanin

Explanation: Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in many fruits and flowers, responsible for red, purple, and blue colors.

Answer: A. cis-poly 1,4-polyisoprene

Explanation: Gutta-percha is a natural polymer composed of cis-poly 1,4-polyisoprene, which provides its characteristic thermoplastic properties used in various applications including dentistry.

Answer: B. Benzaldehyde

Explanation: Cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde, coumarins, and tannins, but benzaldehyde is not a major component of its flavor profile.

Answer: D. 1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R

Explanation: According to the answer key, the matching tests for the specified alkaloids is: Vitali test for morphine, Murexide for quinine, Thalleioquin for caffeine, and Marquis for hyoscine, following the provided mapping.

Answer: B. Gymnosperm

Explanation: Taxol is obtained from the bark of yew trees, which are gymnosperms. These plants produce the anticancer agent Taxol naturally, and its extraction has led to extensive research and synthesis methods.

Answer: A. Xylem

Explanation: In adult plants, xylem vessels are composed of dead cells that form hollow tubes for water transport, making them distinct from living tissues.

Answer: D. Henna

Explanation: Lawsone, also known as 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, is the active dye present in henna. It is responsible for the characteristic staining properties of henna used in body art and hair coloring.

Answer: D. Pinene

Explanation: Pinene is a bicyclic monoterpene found in coniferous trees. Its structure consists of two fused rings and is responsible for the characteristic aroma of pine.

Answer: A. Digitalis purpurea

Explanation: Spanish foxglove is the common name for Digitalis purpurea, a plant known for its cardiac glycosides which are used in treating heart failure.