Answer: A. Coumarin

Explanation: Psoralen is synthesized from coumarin, a naturally occurring compound, and is used in PUVA therapy for skin disorders.

Answer: A. Rutaceae

Explanation: Aegle marmelos, commonly known as bael, belongs to the Rutaceae family, which includes many citrus plants.

Answer: B. 80% w/v

Explanation: According to the Indian Pharmacopoeia, hydrogen peroxide is standardized at 80% w/v strength for its various applications.

Answer: C. Syrup coating

Explanation: Colors are typically incorporated during the syrup coating stage of tablet manufacturing to ensure an even and attractive appearance.

Answer: C. Restricted rotation

Explanation: Gossypol exhibits stereochemistry primarily because of restricted rotation around its bonds, which gives rise to stable atropisomers.

Answer: B. Root

Explanation: The root of Polygala senega is used for its therapeutic properties, particularly in respiratory disorders.

Answer: B. Lanceolate

Explanation: The typical shape of a vasaka leaf is lanceolate, meaning it is longer than it is wide with tapering ends.

Answer: B. Syndler

Explanation: The term ‘pharmacognosy’ was coined by Syndler, referring to the study of medicinal substances derived from natural sources.

Answer: B. 3

Explanation: Sesquiterpenes are composed of three isoprene units, totaling 15 carbon atoms in their structure.

Answer: C. Catechin

Explanation: According to the answer key, catechin is identified as a condensed tannin, despite common classifications differing.

Answer: A. Seed

Explanation: The seeds of Plantago are used therapeutically for their mucilaginous properties, which aid in soothing the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer: B. Volatile oil

Explanation: The Eucell method is specifically used for the extraction of volatile oils from plant materials while preserving their aromatic properties.

Answer: A. Pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin glycoside

Explanation: Brahmi is known to contain pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin glycosides, which contribute to its reputed neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effects.

Answer: B. Cineole

Explanation: Cineole (eucalyptol) is the major component of eucalyptus oil and is responsible for its characteristic aroma and therapeutic properties.

Answer: B. Dried sclerotium

Explanation: Ergot refers to the dried sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea, which contains bioactive alkaloids and is used both medicinally and toxically.

Answer: C. Glycine max

Explanation: Soybean is botanically classified as Glycine max and belongs to the Fabaceae family, which is the legume family.

Answer: D. A & B both

Explanation: Neral and geranial are geometric isomers (cis/trans) of citral; they differ in the spatial arrangement of substituents and are considered diastereoisomers.

Answer: C. Beta-damascenone

Explanation: Beta-damascenone is an important aroma compound in rose oil and its concentration is a key marker of quality in the fragrance industry.

Answer: A. Glycyrrhetinic acid

Explanation: Hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic acid, found in licorice, produces glycyrrhetinic acid. This metabolite is responsible for many of licorice’s pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects.

Answer: C. 13-16

Explanation: The vein-islet number, an anatomical index in botany, for senna leaf is reported to be between 13 and 16, which is used for plant identification and quality control.