Answer: D. Solvate

Explanation: When a crystal incorporates solvent molecules within its lattice, it forms a solvate. This phenomenon, also known as pseudopolymorphism, affects the physical properties of the crystalline material.

Answer: C. ZipDose technology (3-D printing)

Explanation: Spritam® is notable for being the first FDA-approved 3-D printed tablet. ZipDose technology enables rapid disintegration and controlled drug release, improving patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes.

Answer: D. Decrease Tg

Explanation: Plasticizers are added to tablet coatings to decrease the glass transition temperature (Tg), making the film more flexible and reducing brittleness, which improves the coating’s mechanical properties.

Answer: C. Alkylation

Explanation: Ethylene oxide sterilizes by alkylating the DNA and proteins of microorganisms. This chemical modification prevents microbial replication and ultimately leads to cell death.

Answer: B. 5

Explanation: The Product Life Cycle typically comprises five stages: introduction, growth, maturity, decline, and withdrawal. These stages describe the evolution of a product’s market performance over time.

Answer: B. Colorant

Explanation: Opalux is a dye or colorant used in various industrial and pharmaceutical formulations. Its function is to impart color and enhance the visual appeal of the final product.

Answer: C. Sorbitan monolaurate

Explanation: Span 20 is the common name for sorbitan monolaurate. It is a nonionic surfactant used as an emulsifier in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations to stabilize mixtures.

Answer: B. Metastable

Explanation: Metastable polymorphs are in a higher energy state compared to the stable form. They generally have lower melting points and higher solubility in water, which can affect drug formulation and bioavailability.

Answer: B. Both vegetative cells and spores of bacteria

Explanation: Sterilization at 121°C for 15 minutes is sufficient to destroy both vegetative bacterial cells and bacterial spores, making it a standard procedure for achieving sterility in medical and laboratory environments.

Answer: C. Very Slightly Soluble

Explanation: “1:100–1000” is defined as sparingly (slightly) soluble, not very slightly soluble.

Answer: C. Rotating Basket

Explanation: The USP Type III apparatus, also known as the rotating basket, is used in dissolution testing to assess the release characteristics of solid dosage forms. Its design ensures uniform agitation of the dissolution medium.

Answer: C. 120°

Explanation: A hydrophobic drug typically exhibits a high contact angle with water, around 120°, indicating poor wettability. This property affects its dissolution behavior and influences formulation strategies for enhancing bioavailability.

Answer: B. No

Explanation: No it cannot be

Answer: B. 45968

Explanation: For oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, surfactants typically have an HLB value between 7 and 11, which helps to stabilize the emulsion by balancing the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties.

Answer: D. Mannitol

Explanation: Mannitol is widely used as a sweetener in chewable tablets because of its pleasant taste, non-cariogenic nature, and compatibility with other excipients in tablet formulations.

Answer: B. 30 seconds

Explanation: Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) are required to disintegrate within 30 seconds per FDA guidance. This rapid disintegration ensures quick drug release and ease of administration, particularly for patients with swallowing difficulties.

Answer: C. Large polymeric material

Explanation: Dendrimers are large, highly branched macromolecules with a tree-like structure. Their unique architecture and defined molecular weight make them useful in drug delivery and nanotechnology applications.

Answer: A. Less than 10 µm

Explanation: A fluid energy mill typically produces particles that are less than 10 µm in size. This fine particle size improves dissolution and bioavailability, which is critical for many pharmaceutical applications.

Answer: A. Steam sterilization

Explanation: Talc is typically sterilized using steam sterilization, which effectively kills microorganisms without altering the physical properties of the talc. This method is widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Answer: A. Extended-release drug delivery system

Explanation: Microtrol is an extended-release drug delivery system designed to release the active ingredient gradually over time, ensuring a prolonged therapeutic effect and improved patient compliance.