Answer: C. 2 gm

Explanation: To prepare 100 ml of a 0.5 M NaOH solution, calculations based on the molar mass of NaOH yield approximately 2 grams. This is a standard calculation in solution chemistry ensuring the desired concentration is achieved.

Answer: A. equal to 0.3 μm

Explanation: HEPA filters are rated to capture at least 99.95% or 99.97% of particles with a diameter of 0.3 μm, the most penetrating particle size, ensuring high efficiency in air purification systems.

Answer: A. Polyoxyethylenesorbitanmonooleate

Explanation: TWEEN 80, also known as polysorbate 80, is a nonionic surfactant used in pharmaceuticals and food products. It is widely utilized as an emulsifier and stabilizer due to its high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance.

Answer: D. Viscoelastic

Explanation: “Bingham bodies” exhibit Bingham plastic behavior (yield stress then linear flow), not viscoelasticity.

Answer: C. Raoult's Law

Explanation: Ideal solutions obey Raoult's law, which states that the partial vapor pressure of each component is proportional to its mole fraction in the solution. This relationship is fundamental in understanding solution thermodynamics.

Answer: C. Topical and transdermal products

Explanation: USP Type V apparatus, also known as the reciprocating cylinder, is used for testing the dissolution of topical and transdermal products. It provides a controlled environment simulating in vivo conditions for these dosage forms.

Answer: A. AUC to AUMC

Explanation: MRT (Mean Residence Time) is defined as the ratio of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) to the Area Under the Moment Curve (AUMC), reflecting the average time a drug molecule stays in the body.

Answer: C. 0.075

Explanation: For uncoated tablets with an average weight between 130 and 324 mg, the allowable weight variation is typically ±7.5%. This ensures dosage uniformity and compliance with quality standards.

Answer: A. Ratio of mass average molar mass to number average molar mass

Explanation: The polydispersity index (PDI) is defined as the ratio of the mass average molar mass to the number average molar mass. It provides a measure of the distribution of molecular weight in a polymer sample.

Answer: B. Initial substrate concentration

Explanation: In first-order reactions, the half-life is constant and independent of the initial substrate concentration. It depends solely on the rate constant, making the half-life a fixed parameter for first-order kinetics.

Answer: B. Vapor pressure of 40 to 80 psig

Explanation: Propellants used in Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs) typically have a vapor pressure between 40 and 80 psig, which ensures consistent aerosol generation and efficient drug delivery to the lungs.

Answer: D. Fluid bed drying

Explanation: Fluid bed drying is commonly used for soft gelatin capsules because it provides efficient, uniform drying by circulating heated air through a fluidized bed of capsules, ensuring rapid moisture removal without damaging the product.

Answer: B. Pseudoplastic

Explanation: Pseudoplastic materials exhibit shear-thinning behavior, meaning their viscosity decreases with increasing stress. This property is desirable in formulations like suspensions and gels for improved processing and application.

Answer: B. BCS class II

Explanation: Cyclodextrin forms inclusion complexes with poorly water-soluble drugs (BCS class II) to enhance their solubility and bioavailability. It encapsulates the drug, facilitating better absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer: A. To increase the rate of filtration

Explanation: Filter aids are added to improve the filtration process by increasing the permeability of the filter cake, thus enhancing the filtration rate without significantly affecting product purity.

Answer: D. Type B gelatin has 100-115 mmoles of free carboxyl gr./100 g of protein & pI of 4.7-5.2

Explanation: Type B gelatin, produced by alkaline hydrolysis, has a higher content of free carboxyl groups and a lower isoelectric point compared to Type A gelatin. This distinction affects its solubility and gelling properties.

Answer: B. Chloroprene

Explanation: Neoprene is a synthetic rubber made by polymerizing chloroprene. Its unique properties such as chemical stability and flexibility make it useful in a variety of industrial applications including wetsuits and adhesives.

Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation: Decreasing viscosity actually promotes coalescence; so “All” cannot be correct.

Answer: C. Antiseptic

Explanation: Lysol is marketed as a disinfectant for surfaces, not as an antiseptic for tissues.

Answer: D. Orange peel effect

Explanation: Replacing a low-melting polymer with a high-melting one in tablet coatings can prevent the orange peel effect, a defect characterized by a rough, uneven surface due to polymer phase separation during drying.