Answer: C. Crosslinking

Explanation: Mercapto benzothiazole acts as a vulcanization accelerator in rubber chemistry. It promotes crosslinking between polymer chains, enhancing the elasticity, strength, and durability of the final rubber product.

Answer: D. Griseofulvin

Explanation: Griseofulvin is a steroidal antibiotic used primarily to treat fungal infections. Its unique structure and mode of action distinguish it from other antibiotic classes, making it effective in dermatophyte infections.

Answer: C. Kaizen

Explanation: Kaizen is a Japanese philosophy of continuous improvement, encapsulated in the phrase 'change for better.' It emphasizes small, incremental changes that collectively lead to significant improvements in processes and quality.

Answer: A. Variety

Explanation: While search engines may provide uncertain accuracy and irrelevant information, the variety of results is typically an advantage rather than a disadvantage.

Answer: B. Sheet or ribbon of materials

Explanation: The Chilsonator is an industrial device that produces sheet or ribbon forms of material by controlled processing, which is useful in various manufacturing applications requiring uniform shape.

Answer: C. Thymine

Explanation: Deamination of 5-methyl cytosine results in the formation of thymine. This reaction plays a role in spontaneous mutation and epigenetic regulation within DNA.

Answer: C. Depolymerization of the mucopolysaccharides

Explanation: Bromhexine acts by depolymerizing mucopolysaccharides, which decreases the viscosity of mucus and facilitates its clearance, thus aiding in the relief of respiratory conditions.

Answer: A. Claisen condensation

Explanation: Chalcone is typically synthesized via a Claisen condensation reaction between an aromatic aldehyde and an acetophenone. This method forms the α,β-unsaturated ketone structure characteristic of chalcones.

Answer: D. Antisense oligonucleotide

Explanation: Mipomersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets the mRNA for apolipoprotein B-100, thereby reducing its production. This mechanism is used in treating homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Answer: A. Sucrose

Explanation: Sucrose does not undergo mutarotation because it is a non-reducing sugar. The glycosidic linkage between its glucose and fructose units locks the anomeric carbons, preventing interconversion.

Answer: B. Live, attenuated

Explanation: The MMR vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine that contains weakened forms of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, which elicit strong immune responses while being safe for immunization.

Answer: C. Antibody with catalytic activity

Explanation: An abzyme is an antibody that exhibits catalytic activity. These catalytic antibodies are capable of performing enzyme-like reactions, and they represent an intersection between immunology and catalysis.

Answer: D. TWEEN 80

Explanation: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate is the chemical name for TWEEN 80, a nonionic surfactant used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical and food applications.

Answer: B. Linum usitatissimum

Explanation: Linum usitatissimum, commonly known as flaxseed, is rich in lignans. These polyphenolic compounds have antioxidant properties and are linked to various health benefits, including hormone modulation.

Answer: D. May stimulate lactation

Explanation: Metoclopropamide is a dopamine receptor antagonist that increases gastric motility and can cause extrapyramidal side effects; it does not stimulate lactation. Option D is the false statement.

Answer: C. High-pressure mercury arc lamp

Explanation: High-pressure mercury arc lamps are typically used in UV/visible spectrophotometers, not in mid-infrared spectrophotometers. Mid-IR sources usually include Nernst glowers, globars, or nichrome wires.

Answer: B. Aromatic non-carbohydrate polymer

Explanation: Lignin is a complex aromatic polymer found in plant cell walls. It is not a carbohydrate and provides rigidity and resistance to microbial degradation in plants.

Answer: B. Topoisomerase I

Explanation: Camptothecin is an anticancer agent that inhibits Topoisomerase I, an enzyme essential for DNA replication. This inhibition leads to DNA damage and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells.

Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation: Bacteria employ multiple mechanisms to acquire antibiotic resistance, including conjugation, transformation, mutation, and insertion of transposons. These diverse strategies allow rapid adaptation to antibiotic pressure.

Answer: A. Metronidazole

Explanation: Metronidazole exhibits disulfiram-like effects by interfering with the metabolism of ethanol, which can cause unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed during treatment.