Answer: B. Ototoxicity

Explanation: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, is notorious for causing ototoxicity. This side effect can lead to hearing loss and balance issues, making it a well-documented clinical concern.

Answer: D. Lithium

Explanation: Lithium is known for its mood‐stabilizing properties and is used in managing acute psychotic states. Although more common in bipolar disorder, its application in schizophrenia has also been observed.

Answer: D. All

Explanation: All the drugs listed (Citalopram, Fluxetin, and Sertraline) are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that increase serotonin levels, helping to alleviate symptoms of depression.

Answer: A. Syzygium aromaticum

Explanation: Clove is obtained from the dried flower buds of the Syzygium aromaticum tree, which is renowned for its aromatic and medicinal properties.

Answer: A. Fri Nov 14 2025 05:30:00 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)

Explanation: World Diabetes Day is observed on November 14 each year.

Answer: A. Furosemide

Explanation: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is known to cause ototoxicity. This side effect, particularly at high or rapid doses, can lead to hearing loss or balance disturbances.

Answer: C. Both A and B

Explanation: Both glycolysis and the Embden-Meyerhof pathway refer to the same glucose breakdown process that occurs in both the presence and absence of oxygen, producing energy.

Answer: D. Carvone

Explanation: Carvone is the major chemical constituent of dill oil, providing its characteristic aroma and flavor which is distinct among essential oils.

Answer: A. α-glycoprotein

Explanation: α-glycoprotein plays a key role in binding and distributing basic drugs throughout the body, thereby influencing their bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.

Answer: D. None of the above

Explanation: Chloramphenicol does not belong to the beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, or macrolides. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a distinct mechanism from these classes.

Answer: B. Protein synthesis

Explanation: Erythromycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, which disrupts their ability to grow and multiply, making it effective against many bacterial infections.

Answer: C. Paratope

Explanation: The paratope is the part of the antibody that binds specifically to an antigen’s epitope, which is crucial for initiating an immune response.

Answer: A. Concentration of a specific antibody in the patient's serum

Explanation: Antibody titration measures the level of specific antibodies in a patient’s serum, helping in the diagnosis of infections or immune conditions.

Answer: B. G₁-S-G₂-M

Explanation: The cell cycle proceeds through G₁ (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G₂ (preparation for mitosis), and finally M (mitosis), ensuring proper cell division.

Answer: B. Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Explanation: Rifampicin targets and inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is essential for bacterial RNA synthesis and growth.

Answer: C. Cuts double-stranded or single-stranded DNA at specific recognition nucleotide sequences

Explanation: Restriction endonucleases cleave DNA at specific sequences. Some can cut both double-stranded and, in certain cases, single-stranded DNA, which is essential for molecular cloning.

Answer: D. All

Explanation: SIBUTRAMIN is noted for all these characteristics: it acts as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, was used as an adjunct in obesity treatment, and was withdrawn from the market because of cardiotoxicity.

Answer: A. Biguanides

Explanation: Metformin is classified as a biguanide. It works by reducing hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity, making it a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Answer: B. Reduction of ketones or aldehydes to alkanes using zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Clemmensen’s reduction converts ketones or aldehydes to alkanes using zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid, a method commonly applied in organic synthesis.

Answer: B. Vector for transport

Explanation: In recombinant DNA technology, plasmids serve as vectors, transporting and replicating foreign DNA in host cells, which is essential for genetic engineering.