Answer: C. Duodenum

Explanation: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted primarily by the duodenum in response to the presence of fatty acids. CCK stimulates the gallbladder to contract and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes.

Answer: C. Connective Tissue/Organ

Explanation: Sarcoma refers to a type of cancer that originates in connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle. It is distinct from carcinomas, which arise from epithelial cells.

Answer: C. seminal vesicles

Explanation: Seminal vesicles are uniquely capable of synthesizing fructose.

Answer: C. 4

Explanation: Propene has four chemically non-equivalent proton environments resulting in four signals.

Answer: C. Lewy bodies

Explanation: Lewy bodies are a hallmark pathological feature of Parkinson's disease.

Answer: C. Amygdala

Explanation: The amygdala plays a key role in emotion processing.

Answer: A. Intestine

Explanation: Peyer's patches are lymphoid tissues found in the intestine.

Answer: D. Vitamin D

Explanation: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption.

Answer: C. Triiodothyronine

Explanation: Triiodothyronine (T3) is the metabolically active thyroid hormone.

Answer: A. ≥ 90

Explanation: The average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy individual is generally considered to be ≥ 90 ml/min, indicating normal kidney function and efficient waste removal from the blood.

Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation: Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's chorea, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease all involve progressive loss of neuronal function and structure, leading to severe clinical outcomes.

Answer: C. Slowness of performed movement

Explanation: Bradikinesia refers to the slowness in executing voluntary movements. It is a common symptom observed in neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, affecting overall motor performance.

Answer: A. Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate in large joints

Explanation: Pseudogout is characterized by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the joints, especially in large joints, which causes inflammation and pain similar to gout.

Answer: C. Osmotic pressure

Explanation: Gibb’s Donnan effect results in the creation of osmotic pressure due to the presence of impermeable ions on one side of a semipermeable membrane. This effect is important in biological and chemical systems.

Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation: Microscope resolution improves with the use of shorter wavelength light, higher refractive index media, and a high numerical aperture. All these factors enhance the system’s ability to distinguish fine details in the specimen.

Answer: C. Vitamin K

Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of thrombin and other clotting factors. It enables the carboxylation of specific proteins, which is necessary for proper blood coagulation and hemostasis.

Answer: B. portal vein

Explanation: The liver receives nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein. This unique circulatory route enables the liver to metabolize substances absorbed from the gut before they enter systemic circulation.

Answer: D. Inulin

Explanation: Inulin is used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because it is freely filtered by the kidneys and neither reabsorbed nor secreted, making it an ideal marker for renal function evaluation.

Answer: B. Vitamin D

Explanation: Rickets is primarily caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D, which is essential for proper calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Insufficient Vitamin D leads to soft, weak bones in children.

Answer: A. Haemophillia A

Explanation: Factor-VIII deficiency leads to Haemophilia A, a genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting, resulting in prolonged bleeding and necessitating careful clinical management.