Answer: D. Pirenzepine

Explanation: Pirenzepine is used as an anti-ulcer agent due to its anticholinergic properties.

Answer: A. Prgabalin

Explanation: The correct name is pregabalin (not “Prgabalin”).

Answer: B. GLP agonist

Explanation: Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used in type 2 diabetes.

Answer: C. Antiseptic

Explanation: (Duplicate of #1084) Lysol is a disinfectant, not an antiseptic.

Answer: A. hemazoin inhibitors

Explanation: Chloroquine works by inhibiting hemazoin formation in the parasite.

Answer: A. 1,7-Heptanediarboxylic acid

Explanation: Azelaic acid is correctly identified by its chemical name.

Answer: B. Triptan

Explanation: Triptans are selective 5HT1 receptor agonists used in migraine treatment.

Answer: B. Gramicidin

Explanation: Gramicidin can form a cyclic or linear structure, but the standard answer here is that it’s often recognized as a cyclic peptide antibiotic.

Answer: A. Loperamide

Explanation: Loperamide is an opioid analogue with antidiarrheal properties. It acts on the gastrointestinal tract to slow motility without significant central nervous system effects, making it effective in managing diarrhea.

Answer: C. Sumatriptan

Explanation: Sumatriptan is a 5-HT₁B/₁D agonist; there is no 5-HT₁₀ receptor.

Answer: C. produces effect opposite to agonist

Explanation: An inverse agonist binds to a receptor and induces an effect opposite to that produced by an agonist, thereby reducing the basal activity of the receptor beyond simple blockade.

Answer: A. Lesinurad

Explanation: Lesinurad is used as an antigout drug that functions by inhibiting urate transporters in the kidney, thereby increasing uric acid excretion and helping to manage hyperuricemia associated with gout.

Answer: A. Oxazolidinone

Explanation: Linezolid belongs to the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics. It functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and is especially effective against Gram-positive pathogens, including resistant strains like MRSA.

Answer: C. Artemesin derivatives, quinine

Explanation: For cerebral malaria, artemisinin derivatives in combination with quinine are used as the drugs of choice due to their rapid action and efficacy in reducing parasitic load in severe cases.

Answer: B. Streptomycin

Explanation: Streptomycin is contraindicated in pregnant women because it can cause ototoxicity and fetal harm. It is therefore avoided in favor of safer antitubercular agents during pregnancy.

Answer: B. Visual damage

Explanation: Ethambutol is associated with visual damage, particularly optic neuropathy. Patients taking ethambutol are monitored for changes in vision to prevent irreversible ocular toxicity during tuberculosis treatment.

Answer: C. NMDA antagonist

Explanation: Memantine acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist, blocking excessive glutamate activity that can lead to excitotoxicity. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease where neuroprotection is needed.

Answer: B. Abciximab

Explanation: Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor on platelets, preventing aggregation and reducing thrombus formation during cardiovascular procedures.

Answer: A. Adalimumab

Explanation: Humira is the trade name for adalimumab, a monoclonal antibody used to treat autoimmune diseases. It works by targeting specific immune system proteins to reduce inflammation and disease activity.

Answer: D. It produces the characteristic cheese effect

Explanation: Selegiline is an irreversible inhibitor of MAO B and undergoes high first-pass metabolism; however, it does not produce the cheese effect, which is associated with different compounds. This makes option (d) incorrect.