Answer: A. 3.5-6

Explanation: Wetting agents typically have low HLB values; on the HLB scale they fall within the 3.5-6 range, which indicates their ability to reduce surface tension and promote spreading.

Answer: B. Liquid

Explanation: Pluronic F 127 is a triblock copolymer that is liquid at room temperature and is used as a surfactant and solubilizing agent in pharmaceutical formulations.

Answer: B. Decreasing distance between spray nozzle and powder bed

Explanation: Bloom effect, a common defect in coating processes, can be minimized by optimizing the spray distance to ensure uniform deposition of the coating material.

Answer: B. Sorbitan palmitate

Explanation: Tween 40 is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate; simply “sorbitan palmitate” describes Span-40, not Tween-40.

Answer: D. NuTab

Explanation: NuTab (tablet binder) is directly compressible, whereas unmodified starch is not; “Starch” itself is incorrect.

Answer: A. Homopolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone

Explanation: Kollidon is the trade name for polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a water-soluble polymer used as a binder in tablet formulations.

Answer: B. 44105

Explanation: An “excellent” flow powder has Carr’s index 5–15%, not 10–20%.

Answer: A. Capping

Explanation: High percentages of fines in compressible material can lead to capping, a defect where the top of a tablet separates from the body during compression.

Answer: B. Q and R

Explanation: Heckel plots are used to study the compression characteristics of powders; they help in selecting appropriate die size and compression time to optimize tablet formation.

Answer: D. Distillation

Explanation: Distillation is not used to remove pyrogens; methods like ultrafiltration and autoclaving are employed to eliminate them from pharmaceutical preparations.

Answer: A. Pork gelatin

Explanation: ‘Capill’ is a type of capsule shell commonly made from pork gelatin, which has been the traditional source for capsule production.

Answer: D. 33 gauge

Explanation: The smallest hypodermic needles used for injections are typically 33 gauge, which minimizes pain and tissue damage during administration.

Answer: A. 30 seconds or less

Explanation: Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are designed to disintegrate in the mouth within 30 seconds or less, ensuring rapid onset of action and ease of use.

Answer: D. Wool fat

Explanation: Wool fat is not typically used as an emulsifier in external preparations, whereas acacia, tragacanth, and gelatin are common choices due to their emulsifying properties.

Answer: A. 6-10%

Explanation: Hard gelatin capsules are designed to have a moisture content in the range of 6-10% to ensure optimal integrity and disintegration characteristics.

Answer: C. For the development of food packaging material

Explanation: Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins for food packaging and other consumer products.

Answer: A. Nucleus

Explanation: The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane (nuclear envelope) but is not considered to be enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer in the same way as organelles like ER, microsomes, and the Golgi apparatus.

Answer: A. Temperature at which the solubility of surfactant is equal to the critical micellar concentration

Explanation: Kraft point is defined as the temperature at which the solubility of a surfactant equals its critical micelle concentration, a key parameter in colloid and surface chemistry.

Answer: D. Cone and Plate viscometer

Explanation: The cone and plate viscometer is widely used for measuring the viscosity of Newtonian fluids due to its precision and ability to control shear rate.

Answer: D. Zero order reaction

Explanation: In zero order reactions, the rate is independent of the concentration of reactants, so the rate constant has the same units as the reaction rate.