Answer: B. Zeeman Effect

Explanation: The Zeeman effect causes the splitting of atomic or molecular energy levels in the presence of a magnetic field, which is fundamental to ESR and NMR spectroscopy.

Answer: D. Proline

Explanation: Proline is unique among amino acids because its side chain forms a cyclic structure with the amino group, making it an imino acid rather than a true amino acid.

Answer: B. Compounds with a 2-fold axis of symmetry are achiral

Explanation: A molecule with a 2-fold axis of symmetry may be superimposable on its mirror image, rendering it achiral despite the presence of chiral centers.

Answer: B. Catalase

Explanation: EC 1.1.1.1 corresponds to alcohol dehydrogenase, whereas catalase is EC 1.11.1.6.

Answer: A. H5N1

Explanation: Avian influenza caused by H5N1 has been responsible for severe outbreaks and high mortality, making it the major agent of bird flu in recent years.

Answer: B. Z

Explanation: Z-DNA is a left-handed double helix that can form under high salt conditions or supercoiling; it is less common than the typical B-DNA.

Answer: A. Ratio of activity of eutomer to distomer

Explanation: The eudismic ratio is the ratio of the biological activity of the eutomer (more active enantiomer) compared to the distomer (less active enantiomer) of a chiral drug.

Answer: D. Polymethylmethacrylate

Explanation: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a synthetic polymer that is not readily biodegradable, in contrast to biopolymers like polylactic and polyglycolic acids.

Answer: D. Squalene

Explanation: Lanosterol is synthesized from squalene, a 30-carbon linear precursor, via cyclization reactions that form the steroid nucleus.

Answer: A. Compartmentalize cellular processes

Explanation: RAFTS (rapidly adapting functional structures) in cells help compartmentalize and organize cellular processes, ensuring efficient biochemical reactions.

Answer: B. Type II diabetes

Explanation: Type II diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder, whereas multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Grave's disease are autoimmune in nature.

Answer: A. Tryptophan

Explanation: Tryptophan is unique in that it is encoded by a single codon (UGG) in the genetic code, unlike most amino acids which have multiple codons.

Answer: D. A variation of a gene or marker sequence present in >1% of the population

Explanation: A polymorphism is defined as a genetic variation that is common in the population, generally present in more than 1% of individuals.

Answer: C. Acetyl-CoA

Explanation: Glycolysis ends at pyruvate; acetyl-CoA is formed after glycolysis and then enters TCA—not a direct glycolysis intermediate.

Answer: B. Oleic acid

Explanation: Humans are capable of synthesizing oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, while essential fatty acids like linoleic and linolenic acids must be obtained from the diet.

Answer: C. Facultative anaerobic

Explanation: Facultative anaerobes possess enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase to detoxify reactive oxygen species, allowing them to survive in both oxygenated and deoxygenated environments.

Answer: D. B12

Explanation: Megaloblastic anemia is most commonly due to a deficiency of vitamin B12 (or folate), which impairs DNA synthesis in red blood cell production.

Answer: C. Oxaloacetate

Explanation: Oxaloacetate condenses with acetyl-CoA to form citric acid, marking the entry point of substrates into the citric acid cycle for energy production.

Answer: D. Michaelis-Menten

Explanation: Carrier-mediated transport typically follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, where the rate depends on both the substrate concentration and the carrier’s capacity.

Answer: B. 0.02

Explanation: Only about 2% of the human genome consists of protein-coding regions; the remainder includes regulatory sequences and non-coding DNA.